This site was developed by faculty at the University of California, San Francisco who are committed to reproductive justice and aim to empower our community with health information.

This work was funded by US taxpayers with a grant from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (R18HS029432) and developed based on research conducted with Medi-Cal claims data, funded
by the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (R-1609-36359).

Other information comes from the World Health Organization (WHO), US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Reproductive Health Access Project

Questions or comments?  Contact Us

References

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• Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Intrauterine Contraception and Tubal Ligation. J Gen Intern Med. 2022 Dec;37(16):4168-4175. doi:10.1007/s11606-022-07433-4. Epub 2022 Feb 23. PMID: 35194746
• Copper IUD and LNG IUS compared with tubal occlusion. Contraception. 2007 Jun;75(6 Suppl):S144-51. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2006.12.021. Epub 2007 Mar 2. PMID: 17531607.
• Relative Risk of Cervical Neoplasms Among Copper and Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System Users. Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Feb;135(2):319-327. PMID: 31923062
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• The risk of pregnancy after vasectomy. Jamieson DJ, Costello C, Trussell J, Hillis SD, Marchbanks PA, Peterson HB; US Collaborative Review of Sterilization Working Group. Obstet Gynecol. 2004 May;103(5 Pt 1):848-50. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000123246.11511.e4. Erratum in: Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Jul;104(1):200. PMID: 15121555.
• The risk of pregnancy after tubal sterilization: findings from the U.S. Collaborative Review of Sterilization. Peterson HB, Xia Z, Hughes JM, Wilcox LS, Tylor LR, Trussell J. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996 Apr;174(4):1161-8; discussion 1168-70. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(96)70658-0. PMID: 8623843.
• Postpartum contraception: initiation and effectiveness in a large universal healthcare system. Brunson MR, Klein DA, Olsen CH, Weir LF, Roberts TA. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017 July;217(1):55.e1-55.e9. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2017.02.036 
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•  Sexual and couple outcomes of vasectomy: Results of a French questionnaire survey. Touil, W., Delaunay, B., Prudhomme, T., Roumiguie, M., Game, X., Soulie, M., Isus, F., & Huyghe, E. The French journal of urology, 2024 Sep; 34(9), doi: 10.1016/j.fjurol.2024.102672. PMID: 38936777.